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                        <h1 id="linux&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x6D41;&#x7A0B;&#x4E86;&#x89E3;">Linux&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x6D41;&#x7A0B;(&#x4E86;&#x89E3;)</h1>
<ul>
<li>&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;BIOS(Basic Input Output System)&#xFF1A;BIOS&#x662F;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x65F6;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8F6F;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;<ul>
<li>&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x4E0A;&#x7535;&#x81EA;&#x68C0;POST(Power-On-Self-Test)&#xFF0C;&#x8D1F;&#x8D23;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x5BF9;CPU&#x3001;&#x4E3B;&#x677F;&#x3001;&#x5185;&#x5B58;&#x3001;&#x8F6F;&#x786C;&#x76D8;&#x5B50;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x3001;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x5B50;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF08;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x7F13;&#x5B58;&#xFF09;&#x3001;&#x4E32;&#x5E76;&#x884C;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x3001;&#x952E;&#x76D8;&#x3001;CD-ROM&#x5149;&#x9A71;&#x7B49;&#x7684;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#xFF0C;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x68C0;&#x67E5;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x7684;&#x597D;&#x574F;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x5BF9;&#x5916;&#x90E8;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#xFF0C;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;BIOS&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x548C;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x7684;&#x786C;&#x4EF6;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E0D;&#x7B26;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x67E5;&#x627E;MBR(Master Boot Record,&#x4E3B;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#x5206;&#x533A;)&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x672A;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#xFF0C;&#x4F1A;&#x63D0;&#x793A;&#x627E;&#x4E0D;&#x5230;&#x786C;&#x76D8;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x4E3B;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#x5206;&#x533A;(MBR):&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;BootLoader</li>
<li>&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x5F15;&#x5BFC;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;(bootloader):&#x5F53;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x786C;&#x76D8;&#x4E0A;&#x6709;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;&#x6765;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x5230;&#x54EA;&#x4E2A;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x3002;</li>
<li>&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x5185;&#x6838;&#xFF0C;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#xFF1A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F; :  /sbin/init<ul>
<li>sbin/init &#x4F1A;&#x8BFB;&#x53D6;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x914D;&#x7F6E;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x6765;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#x3002;<ul>
<li>0&#xFF1A; &#x5173;&#x673A;</li>
<li>1 &#xFF1A; &#x5355;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</li>
<li>2 &#xFF1A; &#x65E0;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</li>
<li>3 &#xFF1A; &#x6709;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</li>
<li>4 &#xFF1A; &#x4FDD;&#x7559;&#xFF0C;&#x672A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;</li>
<li>5 &#xFF1A; &#x6709;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x652F;&#x6301;&#xFF0C;&#x4E14;&#x6709;&#x56FE;&#x5F62;&#x5316;&#x754C;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x591A;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6A21;&#x5F0F;</li>
<li>6 &#xFF1A; &#x91CD;&#x542F;</li>
<li>&#x5207;&#x6362;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#xFF1A; init  &#x7EA7;&#x522B;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#xFF0C;&#x67E5;&#x627E;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;5&#x7EA7;&#x522B;&#xFF0C;&#x67E5;&#x627E; /etc/rc5.d&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#xFF0C;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x8BE5;&#x76EE;&#x5F55;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x3002;<ul>
<li>&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x5939;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;init&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x90FD;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x7279;&#x522B;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#xFF0C;&#x547D;&#x540D;&#x90FD;&#x4EE5;S&#xFF08;start&#xFF09;&#x3001;K&#xFF08;kill&#xFF09;&#x6216;D&#xFF08;disable&#xFF09;&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#xFF0C;&#x540E;&#x9762;&#x8DDF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#x3002;&#x5F53;init&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7B49;&#x7EA7;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4F1A;&#x6309;&#x7167;&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4EE5;K&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x5E76;&#x4F20;&#x5165;stop&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x9664;&#x975E;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;init&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x5728;&#x524D;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7B49;&#x7EA7;&#x4E2D;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x3002;&#x7136;&#x540E;init&#x6309;&#x7167;&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4EE5;S&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x5E76;&#x4F20;&#x5165;start&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55;&#x4EE5;D&#x5F00;&#x5934;&#x7684;init&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x90FD;&#x4F1A;&#x88AB;&#x5FFD;&#x7565;&#x2014;&#x8FD9;&#x8BA9;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x6307;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x7B49;&#x7EA7;&#x7981;&#x6B62;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x4F60;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x79FB;&#x9664;&#x5168;&#x90E8;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x94FE;&#x63A5;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#xFF1A;/etc/rc.local&#xFF08;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#xFF09;</li>
<li>&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x754C;&#x9762;&#x3002;</li>
</ul>
</li>
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